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Countering Chinese State-Sponsored Actors Compromise of Networks Worldwide to Feed Global Espionage System ↗ source

August 27, 2025 NSA Advisory
Co-sealed by: AISE, AISI, AIVD, ASD/ACSC, AW, BSI, CCCS, CISA, CNI, DC3, FBI, MIVD, NCO, NCSC-NZ, NCSC-UK, NSA, NUKIB, SKW, SUPO

Summary

While these actors focus on large backbone routers of major telecommunications providers, as well as provider edge (PE) and customer edge (CE) routers, they also leverage compromised devices and trusted connections to pivot into other networks. These actors often modify routers to maintain persistent, long-term access to networks. This activity partially overlaps with cyber threat actor reporting by the cybersecurity industry—commonly referred to as Salt Typhoon, OPERATOR PANDA, RedMike, UNC5807, and GhostEmperor, among others. The authoring agencies are not adopting a particular commercial naming convention and hereafter refer to those responsible for Countering Chinese State-Sponsored Actors Compromise of Networks Worldwide to Feed Global Espionage System the cyber threat activity more generically as “Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors” throughout this advisory. This cluster of cyber threat activity has been observed in the This Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) includes observations from various government and industry investigations where the APT actors targeted internal enterprise environments, as well as systems and networks that deliver services directly to customers.

News Coverage

DateSourceArticle
2026-06-24 Kaspersky Securelist StrikeShark: investigating a new campaign delivering Cobalt Strike through SharkLoader CVE-2023-20198

Articles from the monitored vendor research blogs and security news feeds that reference a CVE cited in this publication, or name the campaign it covers. Coverage begins when feed monitoring started; earlier articles are not indexed.

CVEs Referenced in This Publication

CVECVSSAffected
CVE-2023-20198 10.0 Critical Cisco IOS XE Web UI Cisco IOS XE Web UI contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the web user interface that could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cr…
CVE-2024-3400 10.0 Critical Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS GlobalProtect feature contains a command injection vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute command…
CVE-2024-21887 9.1 Critical Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure Ivanti Connect Secure (ICS, formerly known as Pulse Connect Secure) and Ivanti Policy Secure contain a command injection vulnerability in the web com…
CVE-2023-46805 8.2 High Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure Ivanti Connect Secure (ICS, formerly known as Pulse Connect Secure) and Ivanti Policy Secure gateways contain an authentication bypass vulnerability …
CVE-2018-0171 7.5 High Cisco IOS and IOS XE Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software improperly validates packet data, allowing an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a reload of an affected devic…
CVE-2023-20273 7.2 High Cisco Cisco IOS XE Web UI Cisco IOS XE contains a command injection vulnerability in the web user interface. When chained with CVE-2023-20198, the attacker can leverage the ne…

Extracted from the publication text. Each CVE links to its tracked detail page.

Vendors Named in This Publication

Each vendor links to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog page. Only vendors that appear in the KEV catalog are listed, either because the publication cites one of their KEV entries or because it names them directly.